Monetary economics is a branch of economics that historically prefigured and remains integrally linked to macroeconomics. It provides a framework for analyzing money in its functions as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. It considers how money, for example fiat currency, can gain acceptance purely because of its convenience as a public good. It examines the effects of monetary systems, including regulation of money and associated financial institutions and international aspects.
Modern analysis has attempted to provide a more micro-based formulation of the demand for money and to distinguish valid nominal and real monetary relationships for micro or macro uses, including their influence on the aggregate demand for output. It has also derived and tested the implications of money as a substitute for other assets. and as based on explicit frictions. Research areas have included:
empirical measurement of the money supply, whether narrowly, broadly-, or index-aggregated, in relation to economic activity
debt-deflation and balance-sheet theories, which hypothesize that a change in net worth of borrowers amplifies business fluctuations by changing credit in the same direction
the relation of financial and macroeconomic stability and its implications
the importance and stability of the relation between the money supply and interest rates, the price level, and nominal and real output of an economy.
monetary impacts on interest rates and the term structure of interest rates
transmission mechanisms of monetary policy as to the macroeconomy
the monetary/fiscal policy relationship to macroeconomic stability
tests of rational expectations as to changes in output from monetary policy
possible advantages of following a monetary-policy rule to avoid inefficiencies of time inconsistency from discretionary policy
"anything that central bankers should be interested in"
Since 1990, the classical form of monetarism has been questioned because of events which many economists have interpreted as being inexplicable in monetarist terms, namely the unhinging of the money supply growth from inflation in the 1990s and the failure of pure monetary policy to stimulate the economy in the 2001-2003 period. Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the Federal Reserve, argued that the 1990s decoupling was explained by a virtuous cycle of productivity and investment on one hand, and a certain degree of "irrational exuberance" in the investment sector. Economist Robert Solow of MIT suggested that the 2001-2003 failure of the expected economic recovery should be attributed not to monetary policy failure but to the breakdown in productivity growth in crucial sectors of the economy, most particularly retail trade. He noted that five sectors produced all of the productivity gains of the 1990s, and that while the growth of retail and wholesale trade produced the smallest growth, they were by far the largest sectors of the economy experiencing net increase of productivity. "2% may be peanuts, but being the single largest sector of the economy, that's an awful lot of peanuts."
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
Labels
100
(1)
11am
(1)
20
(1)
20% Increase
(1)
2012
(1)
2013
(3)
2015
(1)
3.16
(6)
420 Wrestling
(1)
60 points
(1)
A Millionire
(4)
A R Rehman
(2)
Aamir Khan
(2)
Aashiqui 2
(1)
abdul hafeez
(1)
Abdul Hafeez Shaikh
(1)
abdul hafiz
(1)
abdul qadir
(1)
Account
(1)
ACCOUNTANT
(1)
actress
(3)
ADS
(1)
Adsense
(5)
Adversisement
(1)
Advertisement
(1)
AED
(1)
Affection
(1)
Afghani
(1)
Afghanistan
(1)
against
(1)
Ahmed
(1)
AIOU
(4)
ajrak
(1)
Akshay Kumar
(1)
ali
(4)
ali hussain
(1)
alibinaftab
(1)
alihussain
(1)
All
(1)
Allowance
(5)
amazing news
(1)
angelina
(1)
Angitha
(1)
Angry mob
(1)
Apavou
(1)
Apavou Hotels Resorts and Spa
(1)
arab emirates
(1)
Argentina
(1)
arslan
(1)
art
(1)
Asin
(2)
Asmita Sood
(1)
ASSISTANT ACCOUNTS
(1)
ASSISTANT MANAGER
(1)
astrological sign
(1)
astrology
(4)
Audio Launch
(1)
Austin
(1)
Australia
(1)
auto trading
(1)
ayla
(1)
Ayla Malik
(1)
back
(1)
bad
(1)
bad men
(1)
bad muslim
(1)
Badami Bagh
(1)
Bahawalpur
(1)
baloch
(1)
Bangkok
(1)
Banking Law
(1)
BBC
(1)
beautiful
(5)
beauty
(10)
beauty bollywood
(5)
Bebt Security
(1)
beenish
(1)
Beenish Chauhan
(1)
Beenish Chohan
(1)
Beenish Chouhan
(1)
Beenish Chuhan
(1)
benazir
(1)
Benazir Bhutto
(1)
benchmark
(1)
Bergoglio
(2)
berlin
(1)
Berry
(1)
bhutto
(4)
Bikini
(2)
Bikini in Fashion
(1)
Bilawal
(3)
Bill Gates
(1)
Billionaires
(1)
binish
(1)
Birthdays of WWE SuperStars
(1)
Black
(1)
black berry
(1)
BlackBerry
(2)
blasphemy
(1)
blogger
(1)
blogging
(1)
blogspot
(1)
blogspot.com
(1)
body
(4)
bold
(1)
Bollywood
(17)
Bollywood Actors
(8)
Bollywood Actresses
(14)
Bollywood Couples
(1)
Bollywood Fashion
(1)
Bollywood Filmmaker
(1)
Bollywood Millionaire
(1)
bollywood models
(2)
Bollywood Movies
(1)
Bombs
(1)
Bond (Finance)
(1)
Boston
(1)
brother of
(1)
Bunny
(1)
Business
(1)
Business Definition
(2)
buy
(1)
c2-00
(1)
Capital
(1)
Capital in Business
(1)
Car Wash
(1)
Card
(1)
Cardinal
(1)
caretaker
(5)
Caribbean
(1)
cars
(1)
case
(1)
cat
(1)
Cat Walk
(1)
celeb
(2)
Celebrity Birthday
(1)
celebs
(2)
chauhan
(1)
chese
(1)
child
(1)
Childhood
(1)
chohan
(1)
Chrissy
(1)
Chrissy Teigen
(1)
Chrissy Teigen Pictures
(1)
Christian
(5)
Christians
(2)
Church
(1)
Claire Danes
(2)
Closes
(1)
Clothing
(1)
CM
(2)
CNIC
(3)
College Girls
(1)
color
(2)
Colors
(3)
colour
(1)
colours
(1)
comfort
(1)
COMMERCIAL ASSISTANT
(1)
Commercial Car Wash
(1)
Companies
(2)
Company
(1)
Computer
(1)
Computer Allowance
(1)
Computer operators
(1)
Constituency
(1)
contest
(1)
Contract
(1)
Contract Employees
(1)
Conveyance
(5)
Cool Places
(1)
Costly
(1)
Couple Dance
(1)
Couples
(1)
CRC
(2)
cricinfo
(3)
Cricket
(5)
Cricket Scandal
(2)
Cricket Worldcup
(1)
CSS
(1)
CSS 2013
(1)
Currency
(1)
Danger Man
(2)
dany film
(3)
dark matter
(1)
data
(1)
DATA CODER
(1)
Data Entry Earnigs
(1)
Data Entry Earnings
(4)
DATA ENTRY OPERATOR
(1)
deadline
(1)
Death Certificate
(1)
Debt
(1)
Deepika
(1)
Delivery Time
(2)
DEO
(1)
deol
(1)
Department
(1)
Description
(1)
die
(1)
die roll
(1)
Dil Se
(1)
dildar bhatti
(1)
Directorate
(1)
Divisions
(1)
dog
(1)
Dow Jones
(1)
Download
(1)
dozens
(1)
dr. abdul hafeez
(1)
Dresses
(1)
dual sim
(1)
Dubai
(3)
Dubai Miracle Garden
(1)
Dubai Miracle Park
(2)
E-Passport
(1)
Economics
(1)
ECP
(1)
egg
(1)
Ek Thi Dayaan
(1)
elect
(2)
Election
(1)
Election 2013
(1)
elections
(2)
Elections 2013
(2)
Electronic Money
(1)
Employees
(6)
ends
(1)
eng vs ind
(1)
ENGINEER
(1)
ENGINEERS
(1)
england
(1)
Ephedrine
(1)
Euronext
(1)
Europen Singers
(1)
Exams
(1)
experience
(2)
Exposed
(2)
fabulous
(1)
fabulous wallpaper
(2)
fabulous wallpapers
(2)
face
(1)
facebook
(1)
facial
(1)
Faisal Shahzad
(1)
fake
(1)
family
(2)
fashiom
(1)
fashion
(12)
fashion article
(2)
fashion changes
(2)
fashion media
(1)
Fast Fashion
(1)
Federal
(3)
Federal Directorate Islamabad
(1)
Federal Govt.
(1)
Fee Structure
(3)
Festivals
(2)
Finance
(1)
First clues
(1)
Flowers
(1)
forbes
(1)
Forever Together
(1)
forex
(14)
forex trading tools
(5)
forex.com
(7)
Formula
(1)
Francis
(1)
FRC
(1)
fun
(2)
future
(1)
Galaxy
(3)
Garden
(2)
Gary Wright
(1)
general
(2)
General Elections
(2)
Geo
(1)
geo news
(1)
Georgia May Jagger
(1)
GF
(1)
gia ali
(1)
gilani
(3)
girl
(1)
Girlfriend
(1)
Gmail
(1)
good
(1)
google
(1)
google ads
(3)
Google Millionaire
(2)
Govt
(5)
GQ Magazine
(1)
Grant
(1)
Group
(1)
hair
(1)
Hansika Motwani
(1)
harry potter
(1)
heart
(1)
hero
(1)
High
(1)
HILTON MAURITIUS RESORT and SPA
(1)
hindi
(1)
Historic
(1)
Holidays
(1)
Hollywood
(5)
Hollywood Bikini
(3)
hollywood Celebs
(4)
hollywood models
(2)
homes attacked
(2)
host
(1)
Hot
(1)
hot bollywood.new bollywood
(1)
Hot Indian
(2)
Hotels
(3)
Hotmail
(1)
houses
(2)
hritik
(1)
hritik roshan
(2)
Hugo Chavez
(1)
Hugo Chavez death
(1)
Huma Qureshi
(1)
i love u
(2)
icc
(1)
ID
(1)
iftikhar
(1)
improvement
(1)
Imran Khan
(1)
imran khan in sind
(1)
ind vs eng
(1)
index
(1)
india
(2)
Indian Resort and Spa
(1)
indian unique actors
(2)
innocent
(1)
intelligent
(1)
intimacy
(2)
Introduction
(1)
Investments
(3)
isha
(1)
Ishrat Hussain
(2)
islam
(1)
Islamabad
(2)
IT Experts
(1)
jadoo
(1)
jia ali
(1)
JOBS
(1)
jolie
(1)
Jorge
(1)
Judicial
inquiry
(2)
justice
(1)
Justice (R) Nasir Aslam Zahid
(1)
kaif
(1)
Kaira
(1)
Kapoor
(2)
karachi
(2)
Kareena
(3)
Kareena Kapoor
(2)
kashmala
(5)
Kashmala Tariq
(2)
kat
(1)
Katrina
(2)
katrina fashion
(1)
katrina fresh
(1)
khan
(1)
Khanewal
(1)
kick
(1)
kick movie
(1)
kill three
(1)
kiss on the spot
(1)
Kisser Series
(1)
koi mil gaya
(1)
KSE
(5)
La plantation Resort and Spa
(1)
lady politition
(3)
Lahore
(6)
Lakes
(1)
Lakson
(2)
Lakson Investments
(2)
Lamba
(1)
laptop
(1)
Last
(1)
Layari Express
(1)
Le Saint Denis
(1)
LG
(1)
LG Electronics
(1)
LGE
(1)
Link
(1)
list
(1)
Lita
(1)
live
(1)
Loan
(1)
lollywood
(1)
London Stock Exchange
(1)
Long
(1)
Looks
(1)
lost in love
(1)
love
(4)
love under attack
(2)
lovely wallpapers
(1)
LSE
(3)
Lyrics
(1)
Malala
(2)
Malala Malala
(1)
Malala Yousafzai
(1)
malik
(1)
Malik Naureed Awan
(2)
Malika
(1)
Mani Ratnam
(1)
Manufacturers
(2)
Map
(9)
Map of Punjab
(1)
March
(1)
March 13
(1)
Maria Kanellis
(3)
Maria. Divas
(1)
Mario
(1)
Market
(1)
Marraige
(1)
mauritius
(2)
MBA
(3)
Meher Bukhari
(1)
Mehmood
(1)
Mehndi
(1)
Melody
(1)
MEPCO
(1)
Mianwali
(1)
Microsoft Millionaire
(1)
Milk and Honey
(1)
Millionaire cricktet
(2)
Ministries
(1)
Miracle
(3)
miss
(1)
mm forex
(1)
MMA
(2)
MMA Forex
(4)
MMA Group
(2)
MNA
(1)
Model
(3)
Model Cum Super Love
(4)
Models in Bikini
(1)
Moments
(1)
Money
(8)
moosa
(1)
Most
(1)
movie
(2)
MSE
(3)
Muhammad Irfan
(1)
Multan
(1)
murder
(1)
murree
(1)
Music
(1)
Mustafa
(1)
my favourite
(6)
My Favourites
(5)
Nadra
(9)
Nargis Fakhri
(1)
Nasir Aslam
(1)
Nasir Aslam Zahid
(2)
National
(1)
National Database Registration Authority
(1)
new
(2)
new arrival
(1)
new bollywood
(2)
New Era Fashion
(2)
new President
(1)
new wallpapers
(1)
new york
(1)
news
(1)
Nicolas Maduro
(1)
NICOP
(5)
Nokia
(2)
Not only Bollywood
(5)
notice
(2)
Notification
(5)
Notification of Two Days Holidays in Punjab
(1)
Notifications
(1)
NYSE
(1)
o shit
(1)
office
(1)
Online Trading
(1)
Oops
(1)
Open
(3)
Open Market
(1)
Outdoor Photoshoot
(1)
paint
(4)
PAK Open Market Forex Rates
(1)
Paki girls
(1)
Pakistan
(41)
pakistan cricket
(1)
Pakistan Identity Card
(3)
pakistani
(3)
Pakistani Beautiful Women Polititions
(3)
Pakistani Drama Actress
(1)
Pakistani Politiocian
(7)
Pakistani Politition
(1)
palin
(1)
PAPERPK
(1)
parad
(2)
Paresh Rawal
(1)
Park
(2)
Parliament
(1)
Passport
(3)
Personnel
(1)
Philippine
(1)
Photo
(1)
Photoshoot
(2)
Pictures
(1)
Pink Dress
(1)
PixPux
(1)
pk
(1)
Pk Beauty
(1)
plan
(1)
Plane
(1)
PlayBook
(1)
plejo
(1)
pm
(3)
POC
(1)
Politician
(3)
Politics
(2)
Polititions
(4)
pop
(1)
Pope
(1)
Portfolio Management
(1)
President
(3)
Press Conference
(1)
Press meet
(1)
prime minister
(6)
print
(1)
Products
(1)
Programmers
(1)
Propert Business
(1)
Protest
(1)
ptv
(1)
PTV Drama Actress
(1)
Punjab
(6)
Punjab March
(1)
Qadri
(2)
qaira
(1)
qamar zaman
(1)
Qasim
(1)
Rates
(1)
Rawalpindi
(1)
raza
(1)
Real
(1)
real account
(1)
Real Estate
(2)
Real Estate Economics
(1)
Real Property
(2)
Real State
(1)
reason
(1)
Record
(1)
Reeja
(1)
Reema
(1)
Regularization
(1)
Regularization of Contract Employees
(1)
Resorts
(1)
Resturants
(1)
reveal
(1)
revenge
(1)
Revised
(1)
riaz
(1)
rich
(1)
rich list
(1)
Richa Gangopadhyay
(1)
rights
(1)
RISK MANAGEMENT
(1)
robot
(1)
robots
(1)
Rock
(6)
Rock With Girlfriend
(1)
Rocky
(6)
Roman Catholic
(1)
rose under attack
(1)
roshan
(1)
S IV
(1)
S4
(2)
Sable
(1)
Sadoori
(1)
Salaries
(1)
salman khan
(1)
Samsung
(2)
sanam
(1)
sara
(1)
Sarfrazad Ahmed
(1)
sassi
(1)
Sassi Paleejo
(1)
Scam
(2)
Scandal
(5)
score
(1)
score update
(1)
seats
(1)
September 21 Birthday
(1)
September 21 Birthday Astrology
(3)
serial kisser
(2)
series
(1)
Session
(1)
Sex
(1)
Sexy Beach
(1)
Shah Rukh
(1)
Shah Rukh Khan
(1)
shahid afridi
(1)
shahid afridri
(1)
Shahrukh Khan
(2)
shaikh
(1)
shazia
(1)
Shazia Mari
(1)
shehla
(1)
sheikh
(1)
Shemale
(1)
Sherawat
(1)
shortly
(1)
sindi topi
(1)
Slumdog
(3)
Slumdog Millionire
(6)
Smart
(1)
SNIC
(2)
Sohaib Maqsood
(1)
son
(2)
son of yousaf raza gilani
(2)
Sonam
(3)
Sonam Kapoor
(3)
Sony
(1)
Sony Electronics
(1)
Spa
(1)
Specifications
(1)
Stephni
(1)
Steve
(1)
Steve Austin
(1)
Stills
(1)
Stock Exchange
(8)
stolen
(1)
Stone Cold
(7)
street
(1)
street love
(3)
student
(1)
Stunning Red
(1)
success stories
(1)
Sukhwinder Singh
(1)
sumera
(1)
SUMERA MALIK
(1)
Syed
(3)
syedalihussain
(1)
System Engineers
(1)
Tahir
(1)
takia
(1)
Taliban
(1)
tariq
(2)
tattoos
(9)
Tattoos fashion
(1)
Teachers
(1)
Teigen
(1)
terrorism
(1)
Thailand
(2)
Thar
(2)
The Milk And Honey Band
(1)
The New BlackBerry Z10
(1)
The Rock
(3)
Three stars
(1)
Thulli Vilayadu
(1)
Time Scale
(1)
Top Models
(1)
torched
(1)
torches
(1)
Torrie
(1)
Torrie Wilson
(1)
tourism
(4)
Tracking
(1)
Trading
(1)
triangular
(1)
TVSK
(1)
Two Days
(1)
Two Days Holidays
(1)
Types
(2)
Types of Passport
(1)
UAE
(2)
Udita
(1)
Udita Goswami
(2)
ufone
(1)
universe
(2)
unix
(1)
Unveiled
(1)
Urdu
(1)
US diplomat
(1)
usa
(2)
VACANCIES
(1)
VACANCY
(1)
Validity
(1)
Venezuela
(1)
Video
(3)
vijay raaz
(1)
village
(1)
Virgo
(5)
Vivek Oberoi
(1)
wallpaper
(2)
wallpapers
(3)
warm up
(1)
warm up matches
(1)
Warren Buffet
(1)
Watch
(1)
weather
(1)
Wednesday
(1)
What is Business
(1)
who
(1)
Wikipedia
(23)
wikipedia article
(1)
Wikipedia info
(2)
With Makeup
(1)
Without Makeup
(1)
Women
(2)
Women Polititions
(2)
wooden door
(1)
World
(14)
world cup
(1)
World Explore
(29)
Worldcup 2015
(1)
wound over 100
(1)
Wrestlers
(2)
WWE
(19)
WWe Divas
(12)
WWE Superstars
(17)
x1-01
(1)
X101
(1)
Yahoo
(1)
yousaf raza gilani
(2)
Yousafzai
(1)
YouTube
(1)
Z10
(1)
Zardari
(3)
کشمالہ طارق
(1)
No comments:
Post a Comment